| Tuesday, September 15, 2009 |
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PERSONALITY FACTORS
1. THE AFFECTIF DOMAIN
The affective domain is the emotional side if human behavior and it may be juxtaposed to the cognitive side.
Benjamin Bloom provided a useful extended definition of the affective domain:
1. Receiving
2. Responding
3. Valuing
4. Organization of values
5. Individuals become characterized by and understand themselves in term of their value system.
a) Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is probably the most pervasive aspect of any human behavior. it could easily be claimed that no successful cognitive or affective activity can be carried out without some degree of self-esteem, self-confidence, knowledge of yourself, and belief in your owner capabilities for that activity.
b) Inhibition
Closely related to and in some cases subsumed under the notion of self-esteem is the concept of inhibition. All human beings, in their understanding of them self, build sets of defenses to protect the ego.
c) Risk-Taking
Risk-taking is an important characteristic of successful learning of a second language. Learners have to be able to gamble a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and take the risk of being wrong.
d) Anxiety
It is associated with feelings of uneasiness, frustration, self-doubt, apprehension, or worry.
Trait anxiety is a more permanent predisposition to be anxious. State anxiety is experienced in relation to some particular event or act.
e) Empathy
Empathy is the process of “putting yourself into someone else's shoes,” of reaching beyond the self to understand what another person is feeling. In more sophisticated term, empathy is usually described as the projection of one's own personality into the personality of another in order to understand him or her better.
f) Extroversion
Extroversion is the extent to which a person has a deep-seated need to receive ego enhancement, self-esteem, and a sense of wholeness from other people as opposed to receiving that affirmation within oneself.
2. MOTIVATION
Motivation is probably the most frequently used catch-all term for explaining the success or failure or virtually any complex task.
Three different perspectives emerge:
1. From a behavioristic perspective, motivation is seen in very matter of fact term.
2. In cognitive terms, motivation places much more emphasis on the individual's decisions.
3. A constructivist view of motivation places even further emphasis on social context as well as individual personal choices.
Instrumental and Integrative Orientations
The instrumental side of the dichotomy referred to acquiring a language as a means for attaining instrumental goals.
The integrative side described learners who wished to integrate themselves into the culture of the second language group and become involved in social interchange in that group.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsically motivated activities are ones for which there is no apparent reward except the activity itself.
Extrinsically motivated behaviors, on the other hand, are carried out in anticipation of a reward from out side and beyond the self.
3. THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AFFECT
Neurobiology informs several areas of interest for language acquisition studies, for example, plasticity, affect, memory and learning.
4. MEASURING AFFECTIVE FACTORS
The measurement of affective factors has many decades posed a perplexing problem.
Three problems:
1. Problem of validity
2. Self-flattery syndrome
3. Cross-culturally.Labels: PERSONALITY FACTORS |
posted by hani @ 11:00 PM  |
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